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British-India Steam Navigation Company
British India Steam Navigation Company ("BI") was formed in 1856 as the Calcutta and Burmah Steam Navigation Company. The company had been formed out of Mackinnon, Mackenzie & Co, a trading partnership of the Scots William Mackinnon and Robert Mackenzie, to carry mail between Calcutta and Rangoon. It became British India SN Co in 1862. Under the hand of Lord Inchcape, who had become chairman in 1913, the company became part of the P&O group of companies in 1914 through a complex amalgamation, but continued with its own identity and organisation for another nearly 60 years until 1972, when it was entirely absorbed into P&O.
As one of the largest shipowners of all time, the company owned more than 500 ships and managed 150 more for other owners. At its height in 1922, BI had more than 160 ships in the fleet, many built on Clydeside, Scotland. The main shipping routes of the line were: Britain to India, Australia, Kenya, Tanganyika. The company ran services from India to Pakistan, Ceylon, Bay of Bengal, Singapore, Malaya, Java, Thailand, Japan, Persian Gulf, East Africa and South Africa. BI had a long history of service to the British and Indian governments through trooping and other military contracts. In the last decade of its operational existence BI carried thousands of school children on educational cruises.
The cargo ship , carrying silver bullion, pig iron and tea, which was sunk at great depth by the U-boat U-101 some southwest of Galway Bay, Ireland, carried the richest cargo of any sunken ship in world history〔C.Michael Hogan. 2011〕 Some of the company's better known passenger ships included , , , , ''Leicestershire'', , the sister ships and , and and , and , which was sunk by a terrorist bomb in 1961.
of 1956 was the final passenger ship built for BI. Serving as a troopship until redundant in 1962, ''Nevasa'' was assigned new duties with the BI educational cruise ship flotilla until 1974, when she became surplus and was scrapped in 1975. Having earlier been joined in this trade by the more economic ''Uganda'', this highly popular ship was taken up (STUFT) by the British Ministry of Defence in 1982 as a hospital ship during the Falklands war with Argentina. Returning to BI's tradition of government service again in 1983 - this time as a troopship - ''Uganda'' was "the last BI" when finally withdrawn in 1985. ''Dwarka'' holds the distinction of closing British-India's true "liner" services, when withdrawn from the company's Persian Gulf local trades in 1982, in her 35th year.
==Company timeline==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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